149 字
1 分钟
红外光谱波数参考

红外光谱键分析需要一定的经验,这里给出一些常见的化学键所对应的峰区间。

化合物基团X-H伸缩振动区叁键振动区双键伸缩振动区单键和指纹区
烷烃−CH3\mathrm{-CH_3}νasCH:2962±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{asCH}:2962\pm10(s)}δasCH:1450±10(m)\mathrm{\delta_{asCH}:1450\pm10(m)}
νsCH:2872±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{sCH}:2872\pm10(s)}δsCH:1375±5(s)\mathrm{\delta_{sCH}:1375\pm5(s)}
−CH2−\mathrm{-CH_2-}νasCH:2926±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{asCH}:2926\pm10(s)}δCH:1465±20(m)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1465\pm20(m)}
νsCH:2853±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{sCH}:2853\pm10(s)}
−CH−\mathrm{-CH-}νCH:2890±10\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:2890\pm10}δCH:1340(w)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1340(w)}
烯烃−CH=CH−\mathrm{-CH=CH-}氢领位νCH:3040−3010(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:3040-3010(m)}νC=C:1695−1540(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}:1695-1540(m)}δCH:1310−1295(m)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1310-1295(m)}
γCH:770−665(s)\mathrm{\gamma_{CH}:770-665(s)}
−CH=CH−\mathrm{-CH=CH-}氢对位νCH:3040−3010(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:3040-3010(m)}νC=C:1695−1540(w)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}:1695-1540(w)}γCH:970−960(s)\mathrm{\gamma_{CH}:970-960(s)}
炔烃−C≡C−H\mathrm{-C\equiv C-H}νCH:≈3300(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:\approx 3300(m)}νC≡C:2270−2100(w)\mathrm{\nu_{C \equiv C}:2270-2100(w)}
芳香烃νCH:3100−3000(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:3100-3000(m)}(变)泛频:2000−1667(w)\mathrm{2000-1667(w)}δCH:1250−1000(w)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1250-1000(w)}
νC=C:1650−1430(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}:1650-1430(m)}γCH:901−665\mathrm{\gamma_{CH}:901-665}
2-4个峰单取代:770−730(vs)≈700(s)770-730(vs) \approx 700(s)
领双取代:770−735(vs)770-735(vs)
间双取代:810−750(vs),725−680(m),900−860(m)810-750(vs), 725-680(m), 900-860(m)
对双取代:860−790(vs)860-790(vs)
醇类R−OH\mathrm{R-OH}νOH:3700−3200\mathrm{\nu_{OH}:3700-3200}(变)δOH:1410−1260(w)\mathrm{\delta_{OH}:1410-1260(w)}
νCO:1250−1000(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}:1250-1000(s)}
νCO:750−650(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}:750-650(s)}
酚类Ar−OH\mathrm{Ar-OH}νOH:3705−3125(s)\mathrm{\nu_{OH}: 3705-3125(s)}νC=C:1650−1430(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}: 1650-1430(m)}δOH:1390−1315(m)\mathrm{\delta_{OH}: 1390-1315(m)}
νCO:1335−1165(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}: 1335-1165(s)}
脂肪醚R−O−R′\mathrm{R-O-R^\prime}νCO:1230−1010(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}:1230-1010(s)}
酮R−CO−R′\mathrm{R-CO-R^\prime}νC=O:≈1715(vs)\mathrm{\nu_{C=O}:\approx 1715(vs)}
醛R−CO−H\mathrm{R-CO-H}νCH:≈2820,≈2720(w)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:\approx 2820, \approx 2720(w)}双峰νC=O:≈1725(vs)\mathrm{\nu_{C=O}:\approx 1725(vs)}
羧酸R−CO−OH\mathrm{R-CO-OH}νOH:3400−2500(m)\mathrm{\nu_{OH}: 3400-2500(m)}νC=O:1740−1690(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=O}: 1740-1690(m)}
红外光谱波数参考
https://blog.lancersoul.top/posts/infrared-wavenumber/
作者
Lancer Soul
发布于
2025-09-05
许可协议
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0