149 字
1 分钟
红外光谱波数参考

红外光谱键分析需要一定的经验,这里给出一些常见的化学键所对应的峰区间。

化合物基团X-H伸缩振动区叁键振动区双键伸缩振动区单键和指纹区
烷烃CH3\mathrm{-CH_3}νasCH:2962±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{asCH}:2962\pm10(s)}δasCH:1450±10(m)\mathrm{\delta_{asCH}:1450\pm10(m)}
νsCH:2872±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{sCH}:2872\pm10(s)}δsCH:1375±5(s)\mathrm{\delta_{sCH}:1375\pm5(s)}
CH2\mathrm{-CH_2-}νasCH:2926±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{asCH}:2926\pm10(s)}δCH:1465±20(m)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1465\pm20(m)}
νsCH:2853±10(s)\mathrm{\nu_{sCH}:2853\pm10(s)}
CH\mathrm{-CH-}νCH:2890±10\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:2890\pm10}δCH:1340(w)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1340(w)}
烯烃CH=CH\mathrm{-CH=CH-}氢领位νCH:30403010(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:3040-3010(m)}νC=C:16951540(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}:1695-1540(m)}δCH:13101295(m)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1310-1295(m)}
γCH:770665(s)\mathrm{\gamma_{CH}:770-665(s)}
CH=CH\mathrm{-CH=CH-}氢对位νCH:30403010(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:3040-3010(m)}νC=C:16951540(w)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}:1695-1540(w)}γCH:970960(s)\mathrm{\gamma_{CH}:970-960(s)}
炔烃CCH\mathrm{-C\equiv C-H}νCH:3300(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:\approx 3300(m)}νCC:22702100(w)\mathrm{\nu_{C \equiv C}:2270-2100(w)}
芳香烃νCH:31003000(m)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:3100-3000(m)}(变)泛频:20001667(w)\mathrm{2000-1667(w)}δCH:12501000(w)\mathrm{\delta_{CH}:1250-1000(w)}
νC=C:16501430(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}:1650-1430(m)}γCH:901665\mathrm{\gamma_{CH}:901-665}
2-4个峰单取代:770730(vs)700(s)770-730(vs) \approx 700(s)
领双取代:770735(vs)770-735(vs)
间双取代:810750(vs),725680(m),900860(m)810-750(vs), 725-680(m), 900-860(m)
对双取代:860790(vs)860-790(vs)
醇类ROH\mathrm{R-OH}νOH:37003200\mathrm{\nu_{OH}:3700-3200}(变)δOH:14101260(w)\mathrm{\delta_{OH}:1410-1260(w)}
νCO:12501000(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}:1250-1000(s)}
νCO:750650(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}:750-650(s)}
酚类ArOH\mathrm{Ar-OH}νOH:37053125(s)\mathrm{\nu_{OH}: 3705-3125(s)}νC=C:16501430(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=C}: 1650-1430(m)}δOH:13901315(m)\mathrm{\delta_{OH}: 1390-1315(m)}
νCO:13351165(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}: 1335-1165(s)}
脂肪醚ROR\mathrm{R-O-R^\prime}νCO:12301010(s)\mathrm{\nu_{CO}:1230-1010(s)}
RCOR\mathrm{R-CO-R^\prime}νC=O:1715(vs)\mathrm{\nu_{C=O}:\approx 1715(vs)}
RCOH\mathrm{R-CO-H}νCH:2820,2720(w)\mathrm{\nu_{CH}:\approx 2820, \approx 2720(w)}双峰νC=O:1725(vs)\mathrm{\nu_{C=O}:\approx 1725(vs)}
羧酸RCOOH\mathrm{R-CO-OH}νOH:34002500(m)\mathrm{\nu_{OH}: 3400-2500(m)}νC=O:17401690(m)\mathrm{\nu_{C=O}: 1740-1690(m)}
红外光谱波数参考
https://blog.lancersoul.top/posts/infrared-wavenumber/
作者
Lancer Soul
发布于
2025-09-05
许可协议
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0